Description
The Global Order is transitioning from a predominantly Liberal-Internationalist one into a more Neo-Realist one. Economically strong authoritarian states have escaped the need of political liberalization, and now pose significant revisionist threat to neighbors and the Democratic World Order.
Most European states relied on the Trans-Atlantic Alliance for security, but traded with Russia for energy, and China for wealth. The intensification of the Sino-American Rivalry, the Covid-19 Pandemic, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine – have caused the revitalization of the Trans-Atlantic Alliance, dismantling of the prospects of Euro-Russian détente, and ominousness in the embrace of China.
Delhi has unique agenda of building a Realist Multi-Polar World but with Liberal Rule-Based International Order. Which includes ‘developing democracy’ with the fellow democracies, bolstering territorial integrity with other status-quoist states, deepening globalization with the Global North, and Climate Justice for the Global South.
India has leveraged the security aspects of the American Hegemony - while procuring military technology and hardware from Russia. China too was seen as an incidental partner for development, but the Galwan Episode dispelled most such notions. Russia’s increasing dependance on China, and military reverses in Ukraine have raised concerns on the dependability of Indo-Russian ties.
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The paper proposes to study, firstly, how India and Europe could fill in the gaps in one another’s strategic calculus due to reduced propensity of their ties with China and Russia? India and Europe could work together on – Energy Transition, human development, Friend-shoring, Supply Chain Resilience, and defense technology.
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Secondly, how India and European nations, being fellow democracies, could cultivate a ‘Deep Globalization’ and integrate at economic, social, cultural, and political levels; and not simply trade and investment i.e., ‘Shallow Globalization’?
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Thirdly, would the democracies now work with realist notion of ‘Comparative Gains’ for systemic rivals, but conduct with the liberal notion of ‘Collective Gains’ for fellow democracies? If the Global Balance of Power has to be endured in the favor of democracies, then banding tighter is obligatory.
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