Description
European states are becoming increasingly plural without the necessary intellectual and conceptual tools to deal with increased societal diversity. While populations are diversifying, European states appear to be pushing for societal uniformity, evident in the UK’s emphasis on "Fundamental British Values". The UK, like other European states, fear that increased plurality in society will lead to a breakdown of social cohesion which in turn, may increase the conditions for the emergence of "extremism" and "radicalisation". Thus, social cohesion, via pushes for uniformity in society, is now part of the conceptualisation of effective ways to counter “extremism”, “radicalisation” and “terrorism”. However, is the demand for homogeneity in society the only, or even the most effective, way to construct social cohesion and a sense of belonging? This paper will suggest that there are alternative conceptualisations of social cohesion and societal belonging that do not necessarily demand uniformity or assimilation to the dominant group. Using the example of Muslim charitable practices, this paper aims to showcase how care and empathy for larger society both domestic and international, can be fostered through a shared sense of humanity. By offering aid and support to those in need, regardless of faith, racialisations, ethnicities and more, Muslim charitable practices can showcase alternative processes of societal belonging which accommodates plurality yet finds social cohesion in heterogeneity.
Key Words: Social Cohesion; Belonging; Charity; Counter-Terror; Religion
