Description
This paper investigates shared trends in public opinion on China in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, focusing on how economic opportunities and concerns shape perceptions across the two countries. Previous studies have focused on Sinophobia in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, but more recent data suggests that perceptions in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are becoming more Sinophilic. Drawing on data from the Central Asia Barometer Survey, this study examines both positive and critical views that have emerged as China increases its economic presence in the region through investments in infrastructure, energy, and other sectors. While both nations recognize the potential benefits of Chinese investment, concerns over debt dependency, land acquisition, and labor issues present significant points of caution. Findings show that Kazakhstan's initial high favorability towards China decreased in the late 2010s in response to sovereignty concerns and opposition to foreign labor before recovering in 2022. Meanwhile, in Kyrgyzstan, similar sentiments reveal an appreciation for economic gains alongside fears of dependency and loss of local control. This comparative analysis sheds light on how public opinion is shaped by local socio-political contexts and shared regional dynamics, including the influence of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. This paper offers insights into how Central Asian nations like Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan navigate the complex balance between economic engagement with China and concerns for autonomy and long-term sustainability.
