Description
What has been the impact of EU NAVFOR MED Sophia and how do we assess its contribution to alleviating the multiple crises surrounding migration across the Mediterranean? Within the framework of Frontex - the EU agency responsible for monitoring and controlling the EU external borders - how effective is Operation Sophia in meeting its UN-authorised mandate to assist in disrupting the business model of human smuggling and trafficking networks in the Southern Central Mediterranean? The operation also provides training for the Libyan Coastguard and Navy, monitors the long term of efficiency of this training and contributes to the implementation of the UN arms embargo on the high seas off the coast of Libya. It also conducts surveillance activities and gathers information on illegal trafficking of oil exports from Libya, in accordance with the UN Security Council resolutions.
The paper argues that Operation Sophia contributes to stabilisation efforts but to realise transformational and long term solutions, better resourcing and stronger political commitment is needed. Operation Sophia is typical of CSDP interventions, securing limited benefits from relatively low-level investment given the scale of the challenges, and having a focus on civilian humanitarian crisis intervention. The migration crisis demands a holistic approach to factors driving migration. Moreover, resolution of wider MENA crises is far beyond European Union capability, although EU normative soft power should not be underestimated. The paper uses interview data from experts and personnel involved in Operation Sophia.
