Description
Women-led civil society activism contributed to the creation of the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda, governed by a series of UN Security Council resolutions on this theme. Their involvement led the Security Council to acknowledge these organisations as key WPS actors, both domestically and transnationally. However, these organisations are often allocated tokenistic roles during the national implementation of WPS resolutions. Based on semi-structured interviews and surveys with civil society and state WPS actors in Spain, the UK and Nigeria, this study explores the opportunities and methods used by state governments within these states to engage civil society in processes to implement Counter-Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism (CT/CVE) measures informed by WPS. It also explores whether the ambiguity-conflict model is applicable in explaining the process adopted by states to implement domestic policies that align with the resolution. As civil society engagement within the majority of these states is minimal and the model provides little insight into WPS policy implementation within the Spanish and UK contexts, these findings have implications for CT/CVE and WPS practice and raise questions about how WPS policies are being implemented in some national contexts.
