Description
National interest is a core feature of the modern state, purporting to legitimize actions within the international. Yet, it is still a much-debated concept at the centre of IR scholarship. At a crucial time for the post-WWII order, I argue that reclaiming classical realism’s conception of interest can contribute to a more peaceful and plural international system. A novel constructivist reading of Hans Morgenthau interprets interest as a dual concept implying a normative standard and a contingent feature.
Contrary to widely-accepted depictions of realist national interest, Morgenthau’s standard is not axiomatic from self-preservation or geopolitical features. Instead, it involves a choice to adopt an identity which involves certain epistemological and value frameworks, which are made explicit in the national interest. This view advocates for some objectivity, acknowledging a plural system, enabling intersubjective practices, and incorporating long-term considerations, setting limits to political accommodation.
Post-Soviet Russia illustrates the complexities of this duality, as successive administrations have sought to redefine national interests with alternative identities. Having ultimately opted for direct conflict with the post-WWII order, Morgenthau’s standard indicates which political accommodations may contribute to a future stable order - and which should not be contemplated.
